Platón.
Introducción
Nos trasladamos al siglo séptimo antes de cristo a Grecia, allí gobierna un gobierno “sofista” que se dedica a “convencer y obligar” al pueblo sus deseos, pero hay un segundo grupo formado por revolucionarios como Sócrates y Platón que buscan un gobierno justo con el pueblo el cual estaría formado por filósofos (aristocracia).
Sócrates es condenado por corromper y Platón, su discípulo ocupa su lugar.
Platón
Platón defiende unos valores absolutos a los que califica de ser mayor realidad, muestra una idea en la que las cosas son apariencias con una realidad cambiante.
Y nos muestra dos mundos diferentes:
-Mundo superior, al cual califica de inteligible y el cual muestra como base la idea y las matemáticas.
-Nuestro mundo, el sensible y al cual muestra mediante objetos y imágenes.
El intenta cambiar a las personas para que lleguen a ser filósofos ya que cree q son quienes deben gobernar, esto lo intenta por medio de las matemáticas porque son perfectas, no se deterioran y son su idea del mundo superior.
En esta sociedad que Platón plantea hay tres tipos de personas en la que cada tipo posee un trabajo específico:
-“gobernantes”: parte racional, alma-------- Razón
-“guardianes”: parte irascible-------- Valor
-“protectores”: parte apetitiva-------- Apetito
Platón se encuentra con el mito de la caverna cuando intenta mostrarles la verdadera realidad mediante realidades que no conocen y que no pueden imaginar, como en la caverna en la que mediante sombras deterioradas intenta mostrar la realidad que se encuentra fuera de la cueva.
Opinión del relato.
Pienso que si la única realidad que conociera fuera la de las sombras y la oscuridad dentro de una cueva, seria prácticamente imposible conocer o imaginar otra realidad que nos quisieran mostrar, la verdadera, la de afuera de la cueva y que aunque las sombras podrían ayudarnos a conocerla, seria imperfecta y nunca la verdadera, ya que las sombras son deteriorizaciones de la realidad y nunca la autentica, por tanto crearíamos una realidad imperfecta como la que poseemos del interior de la cueva.
Aquí esta la verdadera dificultad a la que se enfrenta Platón para formar un mundo mas justo para todos porque intenta mostrarles una realidad que no conocen.
Pregunta.
No seria tan real la realidad de la cueva como la del exterior?, ya que aunque podamos salir no podremos obtener una realidad perfecta, sino nuestra propia visión de las cosas y por tanto imperfecta.
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